Exploring dietary practices and faecal consistency in zoo-housed cotton-top tamarins Oedipomidas oedipus

Abstract

The cotton-top tamarin Oedipomidas oedipus is currently classified as critically endangered by the IUCN, prompting intensive conservation efforts, including the maintenance of healthy populations under human care. However, ensuring optimal welfare and health remains challenging, particularly in terms of nutritional management, due to inherent issues observed in callitrichid species in captivity. This study aimed to evaluate fecal consistency in cotton-top tamarins and investigate its association with different dietary regimes. A survey was conducted across 10 zoological institutions, encompassing 69 individuals, to collect data on dietary practices and faecal consistency. Faecal evaluation was assessed using a scale from 1 (solid) to 6 (watery), based on appearance and texture. A comparative analysis of institutional diets was performed based on the proportions of food groups offered, including cultivated fruits, vegetables, commercial foods, animal protein, supplements, and exudates. These proportions were then analysed in relation to faecal scores. In addition, individual body weights were evaluated in relation to the amount of food provided at each institution. A positive correlation was found between fruit inclusion levels and higher faecal score. Variations in body weight were observed among institutions, with lower average weights recorded in females where food quantities were reduced. A standardized faecal scoring system was developed to support health monitoring and animal management protocols.